Paul N. Stockton is a senior research scholar at Stanford University’s Center for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC). He was formerly the associate provost at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California, and was the former director of its Center for Homeland Defense and Security. His teaching and research focus on how U.S. security institutions respond to changes in the threat (including the rise) of terrorism, and the interaction of Congress and the Executive branch in restructuring national security budgets, policies, and institutional arrangements. Stockton is the editor of Homeland Security, a graduate text to be published by Oxford University Press in 2008. Stockton holds a bachelor’s degree from Dartmouth College and a PhD in government from Harvard University. Dr. Stockton may be reached at pnstock@stanford.edu.

Patrick S. Roberts is a fellow with the Program on Constitutional Government at Harvard University and an assistant professor with the Center for Public Administration and Policy in the School for Public and International Affairs at Virginia Tech. He holds a PhD in government from the University of Virginia and has been a postdoctoral fellow at the Center for International Security and Cooperation at Stanford University. His research concerns how federal agencies can bring expertise to bear in a politicized environment. Dr. Roberts’ policy interests include homeland security and disasters. He can be reached at proberts@gov.harvard.edu.