Volume XVI

Volume XVI

The Case for Adaptive SOPs in Complex Crises and Unpredictable Operating Environments

Standard operating procedures (SOPs) guide emergency responders in a crisis, providing predetermined steps to manage anticipated events. Modern disasters, however, often manifest as complex systems—susceptible to nonlinear interactions and feedback in the environment that produce unanticipated outcomes.

By Shawn Harwood and Wayne Porter, Ph.D.

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